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Paul Shearer Althouse (December 2, 1889 – February 6, 1954) was an American opera singer. He began his career as a lyric tenor with a robust Italianate sound, in roles like Mario Cavaradossi in Tosca, Lieutenant Pinkerton in Madama Butterfly, and Turiddu in Cavalleria rusticana. He later branched out into the dramatic tenor repertoire, finding success in portraying Wagnerian heroes. He sang with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City for 30 years.〔 ==Biography== He was born in Reading, Pennsylvania on December 2, 1889 to Harry Jacob Althouse (1871-1937) and Laura May Shearer (1873-1942).〔 Althouse sang as a boy soprano in the choir of his hometown's Episcopal Church. He received his first voice lessons at the church from Evelyn Essick. He studied music at Bucknell University and then singing privately with Perley Dunn Aldrich in Philadelphia and Oscar Saenger and Percy Rector Stevens in New York City. He made his professional opera debut with the Philadelphia-Chicago Grand Opera Company as the title hero in Charles Gounod's ''Faust'' in an out of town engagement in New York City.〔(Althouse, Paul at operissimo.com (in German) )〕 Althouse debuted at the Metropolitan opera in a small role in ''The Magic Flute'' on November 23, 1912. His first major assignment with that company came on March 19, 1913 as Grigory in the United States premiere of Mussorgsky's ''Boris Godunov'' under the baton of Arturo Toscanini.〔(Metropolitan Opera performance archives )〕 He was notably the first American tenor without European experience to sing at the Met.〔 He married Elizabeth Breen (1896-1966) on June 18, 1915 in St. Paul, Minnesota, they later divorced. Althouse remained at the Met through 1920, during which time he participated in the world premieres of Victor Herbert's ''Madeleine'' (François, 1914), Umberto Giordano’s ''Madame Sans-Gêne'' (Neipperg, 1915), Reginald de Koven's ''The Canterbury Pilgrims'' (Squire, 1917), Charles Wakefield Cadman’s ''Shanewis'' (Lionel, 1918) and Joseph Carl Breil’s ''The Legend'' (Stephen, 1919). His other roles at the house during these years included: Cavaradossi in ''Tosca'', Froh in ''Das Rheingold'', the Italian Singer in ''Der Rosenkavalier'', Nicias in ''Thaïs'', Pinkerton in ''Madama Butterfly'', Turiddu in ''Cavalleria Rusticana'', Uin-San-Lui in Franco Leoni's ''L'Oracolo'', Walther in ''Tannhäuser'', Vladimir in ''Prince Igor'', and the title role in ''Oberon''.〔 Althouse spent much of the 1920s dedicated to concert performances. After a five-year absence from opera, he appeared as Faust in San Francisco in 1925. He joined the roster of singers at the Philadelphia Civic Opera Company (PCOC) that year, making his debut with the company as Avito in ''L'amore dei tre re''. He also sang Samson in ''Samson and Delilah'' and Don José in ''Carmen'' with the company that year. He visited the Bayreuth Festival in the summer of 1925, and decided he wanted to train as a Heldentenor. He made his first foray into that heavier repertoire at the PCOC as Tristan in ''Tristan und Isolde'' on March 25, 1926. He continued to perform with the PGOC annually through 1929 in such roles as Canio in ''Pagliacci'', Pinkerton, Radamès in ''Aida'', Siegmund in ''Die Walküre'', and Walther von Stolzing in ''Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg''.〔 In 1929 Althouse made his first appearances at major European opera houses, appearing at the Berlin State Opera, the Staatsoper Stuttgart, and the Royal Swedish Opera, mainly as Turiddu and as Canio. That same year he also performed in concerts with the Eaton Choral Society in Toronto. In 1930 he sang at the Chicago Civic Opera as Tannhauser and Siegmund. In 1931 he sang the title role in Stravinsky's ''Oedipus rex'' with the Philadelphia Orchestra under conductor Leopold Stokowski. He sang Tristan and Siegfried in concert with the orchestra the following year. In 1933 he sang Tristan in San Francisco.〔 After a thirteen-year absence, Althouse returned to the Met on February 26, 1933 for a special concert honoring Giulio Gatti-Casazza. He next appeared on stage as Siegmund in ''Die Walküre'' on February 3, 1934 with Frida Leider as Brünnhilde. He appeared annually at Met for the next six years, singing such roles as Aegisth in ''Elektra'', Loge in ''Das Rheingold'', Pinkerton, Tristan, Walther von Stolzing, and the title role in ''Lohengrin''. His last appearance at the Met was in a concert evening on February 18, 1940.〔 Althouse retired from the stage in 1945, after which he dedicated himself to teaching.〔 Amongst his pupils were Richard Tucker, Eleanor Steber, Astrid Varnay, and Léopold Simoneau. He died on February 6, 1954 in Manhattan, New York City, and was buried in Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paul Althouse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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